Sanlexicon U - V
Content Table
- Unimproved sanitation facility
- Urine diverting eco-sanitation latrine
- Vacutug
- Ventilated improved pit latrine
- Related Articles
Unimproved sanitation facility
- Flush or pour-flush toilets where excreta are flushed to the street, yard, plot, open sewer, a ditch, a drainage way or other unsafe locations
- Pit latrine without slab or open pit
- Bucket latrine
- Hanging latrine
- Open defecation
- No facilities
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Urine diverting eco-sanitation latrine
These can either be twin pit or twin vault based latrines and all separate the urine from the faeces straight after it leaves the body. They use the rotation principles of alternating pit latrines. The urine is either stored in an air tight receptacle or run to ground through a soak away. Wood ash is added to the faeces, which has the effect of lowering the moisture content to such an extent that it stops smells and destroys the pathogens. The pits or vaults have a large enough volume to store 12 months worth of a family’s faeces and are covered with a slab which has been finished to a smooth surface to allow easy cleaning, has foot rests to prevent foot fouling, and a specially designed drop hole (or pedestal) to separate the urine and faeces . A superstructure is added for privacy and can be constructed from a wide range of locally available materials.
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Vacutug
A mini-tanker with a 500 litre capacity and driven by a small petrol engine designed to desludge pit latrines and transport the contents to a treatment plant.
Ventilated improved pit latrine
A pit (either lined or unlined depending on soil conditions) is dug to a depth of around 2.5 metres and covered concrete slab (flat or domed). The slab which has been finished to a smooth surface to allow easy cleaning has foot rests to prevent foot fouling, a hole to take a ventilation pipe, and a drop hole to allow faeces to enter the pit. The slab is positioned so as to cover the whole of the pit and removes the need for providing supporting beams. A ventilation pipe is positioned on the slab to take the foul smells away from the pit and to vent it to the external air above the superstructure roof line. A fly screen is added to the top of the ventilation pipe to prevent the access and egress of flies. Designers usually specify a block or brick superstructure, a good quality zinc or concrete roof, no windows and a tight fitting door in order to keep the inside of the superstructure dark. This is done in the belief that flies hatching in the pit will fly to the sunlight shining through the ventilation pipe and not fly through the drop hole into the dark superstructure.
The VIP latrine is also known as the Blair latrine.
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