Sanitation 21
The Sanitation21 framework aims to support municipal and local authorities prepare rational and realistic citywide sanitation plans; ensuring that decisions about investments to improve service delivery are embedded in the local context. It is a guide for planners/designers which draws on other approaches, including the SSA and the HCES, and helps to build bridges between institutional analysis and technical planning.
Table of Contents
Background
The Sanitation21 framework divides the city into different ‘domains’ for decision-making and action from household to city level. Each domain is used as the basis for analysis of stakeholder interests and factors that influence the identification of the appropriate sanitation systems (including both technology and management arrangements), which may vary according to the location within the city.
Sanitation 21 is a planning framework for urban sanitation which:
- promotes an analysis of the objectives of a sanitation system across all domains of the city, including the household (other domains include the neighbourhood, city and beyond the city);
- promotes an analysis of the external drivers and contexts which impact on behaviour in each domain;
- analyses technical options in terms which relate elements of the system to these domains;
- encourages a realistic assessment of the management requirements in each domain; and then
- prompts the planner/ designer to ask, will it work? Are the management requirements matched by management capacity throughout the system? Is what we are proposing fit for the purpose?
The approach is not radically new but draws on well-established principles of good planning and design practice from within the technical world and also from much thinking in the development world. The main ethos of the approach is ‘let’s do planning and design better’ (IWA, undated).
References/Links
IWA (undated). Sanitation 21: Simple Approaches to Complex Sanitation A Draft Framework for Analysis. IWA, UK. http://www.iwahq.org/Mainwebsite/Resources/Document/Sanitation21.pdf Accessed March 2010.
Sanitation 21 website (part of IWA) http://www.iwahq.org/Home/Development/Technical_Expertise/Sanitation_21/ Accessed March 2010.
Evans, B. (2008). The Sanitation 21 Framework Simple Approaches to a Complex Problem. Presentation from Stockholm, 2008 World Water Week. http://www.worldwaterweek.org/documents/WWW_PDF/2008/sunday/K24/Sanitation_21_Barbara_Evans.pdf Accessed March 2010.
Resources
This article is linked to the article on Environmental Sanitation Planning for the Urban Poor. Other related sections are:
- Strategic Sanitation Approach/Strategic Sanitation Planning (SSA/SSP)
- Sanitation 21
- Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES)
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