Recent Papers on Desalination
- Desalination of reclaimed water by nanofiltration in an artificial groundwater recharge system
- Life cycle assessment of three water supply systems: importation, reclamation and desalination
- Dynamic programming of capacity expansion for reverse osmosis desalination plant: Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
Desalination of reclaimed water by nanofiltration in an artificial groundwater recharge system
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—AQUA Vol 58 No 7 pp 463–469 © IWA Publishing 2009 doi:10.2166/aqua.2009.016
Wu Lin Lin, Zhao Xuan, Zhang Meng and Cheng Xu Zhou
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Tel.: 0086-10-62796435 Fax: 0086-10-62771150 E-mail: zhxinet@tsinghua.edu.cn
Abstract
Desalination is important in artificial groundwater recharge with reclaimed water for minimizing the effect of salinity on groundwater and soil quality. In this study four kinds of nanofiltration membrane, as the compensatory process in soil treatment, are embedded into enhanced direct injection-well recharge (EnDir) for desalination purposes. The lab-scale experiments indicate that nanofiltration (NF) in the sequence of short-term soil treatment provides additional removal of organic and inorganic compounds. NF90 exhibits a marked superiority over the other types of membrane, with respect to the desalinization of reclaimed water. The removal efficiencies for total dissolved solids (TDS) and alkalinity amount to 89% and 96%, respectively. For the anions in the reclaimed water, NF90 exhibits 80% removal efficiency for nitrate, 94% for chloride and 99% for sulphate, which are removed to a limited extent in the soil treatment. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) value of NF90 permeate is the lowest among these membranes, which minimizes the risk of sodification associated with soil structure degradation during artificial groundwater recharge. In addition, NF90 can reduce the concentrations of heavy metals in the reclaimed water to far below the national standards for groundwater
Life cycle assessment of three water supply systems: importation, reclamation and desalination
Water Science & Technology: Water Supply—WSTWS Vol 9 No 4 pp 439–448 © IWA Publishing 2009 doi:10.2166/ws.2009.534
E. Lyons, P. Zhang, T. Benn, F. Sharif, K. Li, J. Crittenden, M. Costanza and Y. S. Chen
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA
Faculty of Engineering, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens, GA 30602, USA E-mail: keli@engr.uga.edu
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia, 30332, USA
Abstract
The issues of water supply and management will become more and more critical as the global population increases. In order to meet future demands, water supply systems must be developed to maximize the use of locally available water. It is also important to minimize the impact of water system developments on the environment. In this study, the overall environmental impacts were compared for water importation, reclamation and seawater desalination to address the water scarcity in areas where local supplies are not sufficient. The city of Scottsdale, Arizona was chosen for this study. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed and it suggests that seawater desalination has the highest impact whereas reclamation shows a relatively lower impact. However, Importation and reclamation systems have comparable results for several damage categories. The impacts of facility operations are significantly higher than the construction phase even when the life-span of infrastructure reduces from 50 year to 10 year. Due to the high impacts associated with the energy use during plant operations, different energy mixes were analyzed for their capabilities to lower the environmental burden.
Dynamic programming of capacity expansion for reverse osmosis desalination plant: Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
Water Science & Technology: Water Supply—WSTWS Vol 9 No 3 pp 233–246 © IWA Publishing 2009 doi:10.2166/ws.2009.407
A. Lamei, A. Tilmant, P. van der Zaag and E. Ima
