KADUNA: Sanitation Status
Sanitation provision in Kaduna (capital of Kaduna State in north-central Nigeria) is grossly deficient, as in most cities in sub-Saharan Africa: most people do not have access to a hygienic toilet; large amounts of faecal waste are discharged to the environment without adequate treatment; this is likely to have major impacts on infectious disease burden and quality of life (Hutton et al. 2007). This article briefly summarizes the current sanitation situation in Kaduna.
This page is part of the fully editable open-access reference source on the sanitation status of all major cities in sub-Saharan Africa. The resource considers the 40 urban agglomerations in sub-Saharan Africa with a current population of 1 million or more. To read some of the other 40 country profiles, go back tothe resource Homepage.
N.B These pages should be considered as incomplete provisional drafts, and contributions are actively requested from specialists with expert local knowledge of each specific city
Table of Contents
- Background information
- Water resources and supply: overview
- Sanitation access
- Sewerage system
- Septage management (septage = nightsoil and/or sludge from onsite facilities)
- Sewage treatment (sewage = sewered wastes and/or septage)
- Sanitation in low-income districts
- Responsibility
- Sanitation masterplan?
- Sanitation financing
- Major investments and donor interventions
- Sources and further reading
- References
- Other City Profiles
Background information
Kaduna is an urban agglomeration with a population of about 1.6 million people (Brinkhoff 2010). It is a flat city atabout 600 m above sea level, on the Kaduna River. Climate is tropical wet and dry (Köppen classification Aw). Occasional major flooding of the Kaduna River affects large areas of the city (IFRC 2003, Waheed & Chukwuemeka 2010). There is extensive industrial activity, including metal smelting, petroleum processing, textiles and food processing. We have no information of urban agricultural activity. It is likely that a large proportion of the population lives in low-income settlements, but we have no information on this. The city has both Muslim and Christian populations, and in recent years has suffered severe sectarian violence.
Water resources and supply: overview
We have no detailed information on either water resources or water supply and distribution. Some (most?) of the piped water supply comes from a reservoir fed by the Kaduna River (KSMWR 2010). A recent newspaper report suggests that the piped water supply is very poor (erratic, poor quality, low coverage), and that most residents are dependent on either boreholes or low-quality wells (This Day 2010).
Sanitation access
We have no information on sanitation access in Kaduna. If similar to Kano, sanitation solutions in low-income settlements are likely to include poor-quality pit latrines, and possibly bucket latrines. USAID (2009) notes that “Lack of accurate date makes it impossible to determine whether Nigeria is making progress to meet its MDG targets in the WSS sector”.
Sewerage system
As far as we are aware, Kaduna has no sewerage system (except perhaps for very small systems serving institutions and private estates).
Septage management (septage = nightsoil and/or sludge from onsite facilities)
No information: as far as we are aware, Kaduna has no formal systems for septage management.
Sewage treatment (sewage = sewered wastes and/or septage)
As far as we are aware, Kaduna has no major wastewater treatment facilities. The State Government website reports that three major industrial facilities (UNT, Supertex and IBBI) have been persuaded to put in place effluent treatment plants (KSMENR 2010).
Sanitation in low-income districts
No information available. We are not aware of any detailed mapping of high-sanitation-need districts, or of any specific policy for sanitation improvement in informal settlements.
Responsibility
Federal and state responsibilities are summarized in USAID (2009). We have no detailed information on responsibilities within the Kaduna metropolis. The State Government website states that the Kaduna State Environment Protection Authority (KEPA) is responsible for monitoring and enforcement of environmental policies and laws, though we do not know whether this translates to any practical involvement in sanitation. A “Kaduna State Waste & Sanitation Project” is reported to exist (on Ali Akilu Road), but we have no further information about this.
Sanitation masterplan?
As far as we know, Kaduna has no sanitation masterplan, or broader masterplan covering sanitation.
Sanitation financing
No information available.
Major investments and donor interventions
We are not aware of any major donor interventions in Kaduna.
Sources and further reading
Kaduna State Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources: http://www.kadunastate.gov.ng/environment.html
Kaduna State Ministry of Water Resources: http://www.kadunastate.gov.ng/water.html
References
Brinkhoff T (2010) City Population. http://www.citypopulation.de
Hutton G, Haller L & Bartram J (2007) Economic and health effects of increasing coverage of low cost household drinking-water supply and sanitation interventions to countries off-track to meet MDG target 10. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. http://www.irc.nl/page/38443
IFRC (2003) Nigeria: Floods in Kaduna. Information bulletin 15 Sep 2003. http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/rpts03/nigeriafloods03a2.pdf
KSMENR [Kaduna State Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources] (2010) [Homepage] http://www.kadunastate.gov.ng/environment.html
KSMWR [Kaduna State Ministry of Water Resources] (2010) Water supply. http://www.kadunastate.gov.ng/water.html
This Day (2010) “Water scarcity hits Kaduna metropolis”. News report 7 Apr 2010. http://washafrica.wordpress.com/2010/04/08/nigeria-water-scarcity-hits-kaduna-metropolis/
USAID (2009) Nigeria: Water and Sanitation Profile. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO937.pdf
Waheed AA & Chukwuemeka J (2010) The impacts of urbanization on Kaduna River flooding. The Journal of American Science 6(5): 28-35. http://www.americanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0605/05_2422_Impacts_am0605_28_35.pdf
Other City Profiles
4) ANTANANARIVO (Madagascar) 3
7) BRAZZAVILLE (Republic of Congo) 3
12) DAR ES SALAAM (Tanzania) 3
14) DURBAN THEKWINI (South Africa) 3
18) JOHANNESBURG-EKURHULENI (South Africa) 3
23) KINSHASA (Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC) 3
27) LUBUMBASHI (Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC) 3
31) MBUJI-MAYI (Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC) 3
35) OUGADOUGOU (Burkina Faso) 3
36) PORT ELIZABETH (South Africa) 3
